Optimisation of Energy Usage In some Senior High Schools In Tarkwa and its Environs

Abstract

In line with the worldwide efforts to reduce carbon emissions and promote sustainability in energy generation, renewable energy sources offer the most advantageous option. This thesis seeks to optimise the energy consumption and the possibilities of harnessing maximum solar energy on gable roof types predominant in Senior High Schools using Tarkwa and its environs as a case study. The study presents an analysis of energy efficiency in four selected Senior High Schools located within the Tarkwa Nsuaem and the Prestea-Huni Valley Municipalities, with a focus on reducing energy usage. An energy audit was conducted using the American Society for Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) standards, to identify areas of high energy consumption. The results of the energy audit demonstrated that significant reductions in energy usage and cost could be achieved through the implementation of energy-efficient technologies. The proposal recommends replacing the existing Compact Fluorescent Lights (CFL) and Incandescent lamps with energy-efficient Light light-emitting diodes (LED) and replacing old refrigerators with modern and efficient models. The adoption of these technologies promotes sustainable practices and reduces energy consumption by an average of 40 %. The thesis also compared solar energy technologies usable in these schools. Off-grid Solar PV, Grid-connected Solar PV and purchasing power from the grid as the base case scenario. The grid-connected solar technology was selected due to its relatively lower initial cost of investment and a good levelised cost of electricity which was GH₵ 0.58/ kWh. Finally, a prototype of a tracking system specifically designed for the gable roof was developed to optimise the collection of maximum solar energy and improve the carbon footprint in Senior High Schools. Data collected from this tracking system was compared to data collected from a stationary solar photovoltaic system at the same site. The results from this experiment suggested that tracking systems can significantly increase the amount of energy generated by solar panels on these types of roofs by 31 %. The study concludes by recommending the exclusive use of LED bulbs in these educational facilities. Also, as a means to reach the countries energy goals, the government should continue to incentivise solar panels to promote the use of sustainable and clean energy sources. This study thus provides valuable insights into the benefits of energy efficiency and renewable energy in educational institutions, and highlights the importance of adopting sustainable practices to mitigate the effects of climate change